TOPLINE:

Dupilumab treatment significantly improved both hair regrowth and the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in pediatric patients who also had alopecia areata (AA) in a review. 

METHODOLOGY:

• Researchers conducted a scoping review of seven studies, a result of a MEDLINE and Embase search on March 1, 2024, which included 31 patients aged 4-17 years with both AD and AA (average age, 11.4 years; 64.5% women).
• The review included four case reports, two case series, and one retrospective chart review.
• Patients had an average duration of AA and AD of 3.31 years and 5.33 years, respectively, before starting dupilumab.
• The type of AA was listed in 22 patients; among these patients, alopecia universalis was the most common (50%), followed by alopecia ophiasis (22.7%), patchy alopecia (18.2%), and alopecia totalis (9.09%).

TAKEAWAY:

• Overall, 77.4% of patients in the trials achieved hair regrowth with dupilumab treatment with a mean 42.6 reduction in SALT score (measuring scalp hair loss on a scale of 0-100) over an average of 3.21 months (P < .01).
• Severity of AD was reduced by an average of 2.14 units to an average of 0.857 (clear or almost clear AD; P < .01) on the AD Investigator Global Assessment dropping from an average of 3 (severe disease) before treatment.
• There were no characteristics that significantly distinguished patients with AA who responded to treatment from those who did not.
• Four patients reported worsening of preexisting AA after starting dupilumab; two of these continued dupilumab and showed improvement at subsequent follow-ups.

IN PRACTICE:

“Our review highlights the efficacy of dupilumab in pediatric AA with concurrent AD,” wrote the authors, noting that “the exact mechanism for this efficacy remains speculative.” Although there have been reports of new or worsening AA with dupilumab, they added, its “favorable safety profile in pediatrics enhances its appeal for AA treatment, as monotherapy or in combination with other AA medications.” 

SOURCE:

The study was led by Dea Metko, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It was published online on July 4, 2024, in Pediatric Dermatology. 

LIMITATIONS:

Potential publication bias, inconsistent data reporting, the small number of patients, and short follow-up duration were the main limitations of this study.

DISCLOSURES:

The study funding source was not disclosed. One author received honoraria outside this work. Other authors declared no conflicts of interest. 

This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.